Played around with alchemy for an hour or two, before work. Here's what I learned.
Ingredients with Resist Fire properties (probably not complete list)
Bone Meal, Dragon's Tongue, Elves Ear, Fire Salts, Fly Amanita, Mudcrab Chitin, Snowberries
Ingredients with Resist Frost properties (probably not complete list)
Frost Mirriam, Frost Salts, Hawk Beak, Purple Mountain Flower, Silverside
Perch, Slaughterfish Scales, Small Pearl, Snowberries, Thistle Branch
Ingredients with Resist Magic properties (probably not complete list)
Bleeding Crown, Chicken's Egg, Lavender, Nirnroot, Tundra Cotton
Ingredients with Healing properties (probably not complete list)
Blisterwort, Blue Dartwing, Blue Mountain Flower, Butterfly Wing, Charred Skeever Hide, Eye of Sabre Cat, Imp Stool, Rock Warbler Egg, Wheat
I still have some ingredients to test, and others I did test that don't fit into the above catagories. And so far, only a single one for Cure Disease, Mudcrab Chitin. The potion I want to make the most seems to be the most elusive in ingredients. Figures.
For those not playing Skyrim, (yet,) each ingredient can have 4 hidden properties that have to be discovered by either tasting, or mixing the ingredients together. And there are A LOT of ingredients out there. Everything from small fish you have to catch in the water to human hearts and giant's toes. The alchemy skill is a game in it's own.
When I learn more, I'll update the list. Feel free to chime in if you make a good discovery!